>Drip coffee has even more than espresso [in typical serving sizes].
FTFY.
You need 4 shots of espresso to match the caffeine in 16oz of drip coffee. This does depend on roast; darker roasts have less.
A 16oz or 20oz latte at Starbucks will have 2 shots, i.e. medium roast drip is double, and even a standard 16oz americano at Starbucks only has 3 shots; drip still has 33% more.
Flat Whites are trickier, because despite having an extra shot over lattes (3 in 16oz/20oz), the shots are ristretto (less water), which extract less caffeine.
> This does depend on roast; darker roasts have less.
While this is technically true, it's quite misleading because coffee measurements are typically done by weight. Caffeine content between roast levels only differ meaningfully when measuring by volume instead of weight. Coffee beans swell as they are roasted meaning darker roasts are less dense.
And if you believe that people routinely drink the same quantities of espresso as they do drip coffee or beer and whiskey that comparison would make sense. But people usually drink much less whiskey and espresso, therefore it's much more relevant to compare commonly used quantities.
https://www.caffeineinformer.com/the-complete-guide-to-starb...