Author here. I've written a couple of articles about counterfeit chargers. You are correct; people cut every corner possible to make a counterfeit charger that looks exactly like an Apple charger. (If you buy a $3 Apple charger on eBay, this is what you're getting.) The power quality of the knockoffs is awful. They also ignore safety, so the fake chargers occasionally kill people.
For point 2, I also wrote an article in the IEEE Spectrum about the history of switching power supplies and how we ended up with such tiny chargers.
Even though Australian houses have full RCD protection for the entire house which would often help in these cases -- I still am terrified of these and pretty much just use official apple chargers from an Apple store or otherwise very reputable brands. The level of cheap chinese crazy is, well, crazy.
If you order something that is sold by Amazon.com (not merely fulfilled) you're extremely unlikely to receive a counterfeit.
Yes I know about comingling, but Amazon does not comingle their own interventory with 3rd-party sellers. (Apparently they may have in the past but do not anymore.)
So realistically the only way you'll get a counterfeit is if someone bought a genuine one, swapped it for a counterfeit, and returned the counterfeit, which was then re-sold to you.
However, that can happen with literally any store that sells items that were previously returned, which is a common practice.
1. This is not true. Amazon still commingles inventory with 3p sellers.
2. For Apple specifically, Amazon blocked everyone but an Apple provided list of authorized sellers, so you're pretty much guaranteed to get an authentic product.
>Yes I know about comingling, but Amazon does not comingle their own interventory with 3rd-party sellers. (Apparently they may have in the past but do not anymore.)
Source?
Edit: This page from Amazon does not state shipped and sold by Amazon is excluded from commingling.
> For inventory tracked with the manufacturer barcode, each seller’s sourced inventory of the same ASIN is stored separately in our fulfillment centers. We can also track the original seller of each unit.
That doesn't say items sold by Amazon.com are not subject to the following:
>We may fulfill that order using another seller’s unit of the same product if it’s closer to the customer
Another piece of evidence that Amazon doesn't really want to be a retailer is that they removed the option to filter items to only shipped and sold by Amazon.com
It is probably hard to say, from the outside they often look legit. I have seen one once, but it became more apparent when we compared it to a genuine charger (usually the print is off in some way). Since counterfeit chargers typically have fewer components, apparently weighting the charger can also help finding counterfeits:
In my limited experience, counterfeit iPhone chargers do not have a serial number printed inside the USB connector. Real ones do have it. I've found this picture that shows they've started printing a "serial number" on the fake ones too https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/243541/how-to-diff...
For point 2, I also wrote an article in the IEEE Spectrum about the history of switching power supplies and how we ended up with such tiny chargers.
Links: http://www.righto.com/2012/03/inside-cheap-phone-charger-and... http://www.righto.com/2016/03/counterfeit-macbook-charger-te... https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/a-half-century-...