For both Mars and the Sun, we need to escape Earth's gravity, so the energy seems roughly the same there.
If we direct an object at the Sun or Mars, with the same momentum, it will eventually get to either. What is the difference?
If you mean it takes 55 times more energy to get to the Sun or Mars in the same fixed time interval, that I could see. (For our theoretical space trash, the start of this subthread, it doesn't matter how long it takes.)
You're forgetting that we're all orbiting around the sun.
Just escaping earths gravity puts you an orbit around the sun at the same distance as earth. With a bit more speed you get into an orbit a bit closer or further depending on the direction you took. More explanation with more exact numbers: https://space.stackexchange.com/a/45619
