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These days, it's not really up to a company whether it wants to be fabless or an IDM. Apart from the several billion dollars needed to build a competitive fab, you'll also need to contend with the 20+-year head start existing IDMs and foundries have on you in terms of experience and expertise. As far as I can tell, there are too many moving parts in a fab for a new company to simply poach a few key people and be competitive quickly. I can't think of anyone apart from Apple or a nation-state that has enough money to wait around while their new division learns how to build chips.

That aside, assuming a fab better than TSMC's showed up on your doorstep today, you're not out of the woods in terms of being dependent on suppliers. On the contrary, designing fab tools is also a very capital-intensive business and tends towards an oligopoly, so the TSMCs and Intels of the world are just as dependent on tool vendors as NVIDIA is on TSMC. The same holds for the very specialized materials and consumables fabs use, like the glass to make mask sets.



You could probably buy your way into the Common Platform, but it would still cost billions. I agree that it's not realistic for NVidia to try that.


who is the best company that makes fab tools?


Most companies only make a small fraction of the tools you need for a full fab; for examples of heavy hitters in key areas like lithography, chemical mechanical polishing, and ion implant, see ASML, Nikon, Canon, Applied Materials. For any given tool, there are usually 1 to 3 major vendors.




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