I am not quite sure if things are really that bad for the US as you describe. You are absolutely right on most points, but I think that the US is in general more tolerant towards people operating in gray areas or gaming the system.

I also would argue that this is the basis for many disruptive innovations and startups like Uber or Airbnb would have had a hard time growing up in stronger regulated environments. Of cause this doesn't change the fact that patent trolls are a menace to innovation.